# geo-spatial.org — Romanian open geodata

> The whole geo-spatial.org open-geodata platform for Romania, landed rather than linked: its ISO-19139 GeoNetwork catalogue, its GeoServer WFS service materialised one table per feature type — administrative boundaries from ANCPI, the 2021 population and housing census by county and ethnicity from INS, national grids, settlements and the community's own layers — its published GeoParquet downloads, and the index of the site that documents them. Every generated table carries the layer's own attributes with their own types, plus its geometry as WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) WKT and a computed bounding box, so a spatial question is a WHERE clause rather than a download. service_layers.table_name is the index of the generated tables.

- Dataset `geo-spatial-ro` · updated weekly · data as of 2026-10-25 (ingest `01M5RGKRJXMZK2MDJBEPSPBKMB`)
- Upstream source: https://geo-spatial.org
- Required attribution: Date: geo-spatial.org, CC BY 4.0 (licence below)
- Tags: romania, geospatial, open-data, geonetwork, geoserver, wfs, geoparquet, administrative-boundaries, census, boundaries, ancpi, ins
- How this directory works, and every other dataset: https://date-deschise.bunnytech.app/llms.txt

## Tables

This dataset publishes 153 tables — too many to describe here. Find the one you need by name with the queries under "Schema" below.

Tables (name — row count):

- `analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani` — 1,008 rows
- `arie_naturala_de_interes_national` — 1 rows
- `catalog_contacts` — 561 rows
- `catalog_keywords` — 500 rows
- `catalog_links` — 1,001 rows
- `catalog_records` — 86 rows
- `date_demografie` — 227.2K rows
- `date_demografie_opt` — 227.2K rows
- `detect_see_land_cover_use` — 4,073 rows
- `dim_date_demografie` — 513 rows
- `download_files` — 11.8K rows
- `etnie_educatie` — 1,008 rows
- `etnie_limba_materna` — 966 rows
- `etnie_religie` — 1,008 rows
- `etnie_uat` — 3,180 rows
- `etnie1930_2021` — 336 rows
- `etnie1930_2021_v2` — 5,301 rows
- `geostat_grid_1k_pop_2014_sparse` — 70.2K rows
- `grid_inspire_1km` — 246.9K rows
- `grid_inspire_25km` — 452 rows
- `grid_inspire_50km` — 128 rows
- `grid_inspire_5km` — 10.1K rows
- `index_austrian_200k` — 41 rows
- `index_eharta_soviet_50k_existent` — 656 rows
- `index_geologie_200k` — 50 rows
- `index_pt_20k` — 1,618 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_1000k` — 6 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_100k` — 300 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_10k` — 19.2K rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_200k` — 80 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_25k` — 4,800 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_2k` — 307.2K rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_500k` — 16 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_50k` — 1,200 rows
- `index_ro_topo_gk_5k` — 76.8K rows
- `intern_index_soviet_100k` — 202 rows
- `judete_centroid` — 43 rows
- `locatii_picturi` — 63 rows
- `m_metadata` — 26 rows
- `microcentrale_autorizate` — 262 rows
- `microhidrocentrale_avizate` — 10 rows
- `mobilitate_populatie` — 16.1K rows
- `natura_2000` — 1 rows
- `nivel_educatie_limba_materna` — 966 rows
- `persoane_peste15_ani_afectate_demasurile_pandemiei_de_coronavirus` — 812 rows
- `persoane_resedinta_strainatate_dupa_etnie_si_perioada` — 8,999 rows
- `persoane_resedinta_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_durata` — 9,375 rows
- `persoane_resedinta_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_perioada` — 9,375 rows
- `persoane_resedinta_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_varsta` — 9,400 rows
- `persoane_schimbare_resedinta_judet` — 125 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_dupa_judetul_de_destinatie` — 381 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_dupa_perioada_si_motiv` — 1,875 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_plecate_in_strainatate_dupa_nivel_educatie` — 3,750 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_plecate_in_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_durata` — 8,250 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_plecate_in_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_motiv` — 8,250 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_plecate_in_tara_dupa_durata_si_motiv` — 1,875 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absente_plecate_in_tara_sau_strainatate_dupa_varsta` — 1,125 rows
- `persoane_temporar_absenteplecate_in_strainatate_dupa_tara_si_varsta` — 8,250 rows
- `persoane_ultima_resedinta_anterioara_in_strainatate_dupa_tara` — 9,375 rows
- `persoane_ultima_resedinta_anterioara_strainatate_dupa_etnie` — 3,750 rows
- `persoane_ultima_resedinta_anterioara_strainatate_dupa_grupe_varsta` — 3,750 rows
- `persoane_ultima_resedinta_anterioara_strainatate_dupa_tara` — 8,928 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_activa_inactiva` — 5,625 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_domiciliu_uat` — 3,180 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_locul_nasterii_judet_domiciliu` — 5,292 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_locul_nasterii_judete` — 375 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_locul_nasterii_uat` — 3,180 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_religie_judet` — 42 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_religie_si_nivel_educatie` — 1,008 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_religie_uat` — 3,180 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_dupa_starea_civila_domiciliu` — 630 rows
- `populatia_rezidenta_grupe_varsta_judet` — 210 rows
- `populatie_dupa_nivel_educatie_institutie_absolvita` — 2,016 rows
- `populatie_dupa_nivel_educatie_institutie_absolvita_etnie` — 10.2K rows
- `populatie_feminina_peste11_ani_ce_traieste_in_uniune_consensuala` — 630 rows
- `populatie_feminina_peste16_ani_casatorita` — 1,176 rows
- `populatie_judete_romania` — 336 rows
- `populatie_ocupata_activitati_economice_nationale` — 126 rows
- `populatie_ocupata_dupa_grupa_de_ocupatii` — 378 rows
- `populatie_ocupata_dupa_localizare_geografica_loc_munca` — 378 rows
- `populatie_ocupata_dupa_statut_profesional` — 378 rows
- `populatie_peste2_ani_ce_urmeaza_institutie_invatamant` — 42 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_cetatenie` — 126 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_limba_materna` — 378 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_sex_judet` — 42 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_sex_uat` — 3,186 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_varsta_sex_medii_rezidenta_judet` — 209 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_dupa_varsta_uat` — 3,180 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_feminina_peste11_ani_nr_copii` — 2,226 rows
- `populatie_rezidenta_stare_civila_grupe_varsta_judete` — 633 rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_10` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_11` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_12` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_13` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_14` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_15` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_16` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_2` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_3` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_4` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_5` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_6` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_7` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_8` — 240.3K rows
- `recensamant2021_grid_data_9` — 240.3K rows
- `ro_admin_country_line` — 7 rows
- `ro_admin_country_polygon` — 1 rows
- `ro_admin_country_simplified_line` — 1 rows
- `ro_admin_country_simplified_polygon` — 1 rows
- `ro_admin_county_line` — 121 rows
- `ro_admin_county_polygon` — 42 rows
- `ro_admin_county_simplified_line` — 121 rows
- `ro_admin_county_simplified_polygon` — 42 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_bucharest_merged_line` — 9,635 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_bucharest_merged_polygon` — 3,181 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_line` — 9,644 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_polygon` — 3,186 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_simplified_bucharest_merged_line` — 9,635 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_simplified_bucharest_merged_polygon` — 3,181 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_simplified_line` — 9,644 rows
- `ro_admin_lau_simplified_polygon` — 3,186 rows
- `ro_admin_macroregion_line` — 9 rows
- `ro_admin_macroregion_polygon` — 4 rows
- `ro_admin_macroregion_simplified_line` — 9 rows
- `ro_admin_macroregion_simplified_polygon` — 4 rows
- `ro_admin_region_line` — 19 rows
- `ro_admin_region_polygon` — 8 rows
- `ro_admin_region_simplified_line` — 19 rows
- `ro_admin_region_simplified_polygon` — 8 rows
- `ro_blocuri_fizice_2021` — 1.3M rows
- `ro_frontiera_poligon` — 1 rows
- `ro_frontiera_polilinie` — 7 rows
- `ro_geomorphometry_landforms_all` — 757 rows
- `ro_grid_data_ancpi_40km` — 189 rows
- `ro_judete_poligon` — 42 rows
- `ro_judete_polilinie` — 121 rows
- `ro_limite_unitati_relief` — 819 rows
- `ro_localitati_punct` — 13.8K rows
- `ro_settlements_point` — 13.8K rows
- `ro_uat_poligon` — 3,186 rows
- `ro_uat_polilinie` — 9,639 rows
- `sectii_politie_bucuresti_poligon` — 28 rows
- `service_layer_attributes` — 5,541 rows
- `service_layers` — 438 rows
- `sit_directiva_pasari` — 1 rows
- `sit_ramsar` — 1 rows
- `sit_rezervatia_biosferei_delta_dunarii` — 1 rows
- `sit_unesco` — 1 rows
- `site_pages` — 392 rows
- `soluri200k` — 51.7K rows
- `someri_dupa_etnie` — 375 rows
- `varsta_medie_judet` — 42 rows

## Start here

Run this first. It attaches the data, then shows the columns, a sample and the extent of
`analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani` — swap in any table above:

```sql
ATTACH IF NOT EXISTS 'ducklake:https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/catalog.ducklake' AS "datadirectory" (READ_ONLY);

DESCRIBE SELECT * FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani;
SELECT * FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani LIMIT 20;
SELECT count(*) AS row_count FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani;
```

## Example queries

Known to run as printed.

-- What layers exist, and where did each one land: service_layers is the index of the generated data tables. Read it first — the table names are only known after an ingest.
```sql
ATTACH IF NOT EXISTS 'ducklake:https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/catalog.ducklake' AS "datadirectory" (READ_ONLY);

SELECT type_name, table_name, backing, feature_count, skip_reason
FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.service_layers
WHERE snapshot_date = (SELECT max(snapshot_date) FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.service_layers)
ORDER BY feature_count DESC NULLS LAST
```

-- Every county boundary as WKT, with its bounding box
```sql
ATTACH IF NOT EXISTS 'ducklake:https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/catalog.ducklake' AS "datadirectory" (READ_ONLY);

SELECT name, geometry_type, bbox_west, bbox_south, bbox_east, bbox_north
FROM datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.ro_admin_county_simplified_polygon
ORDER BY name
```

## Schema

The full column-level schema is too large to inline here; it lives in `manifest.json` at
https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/public/geo-spatial-ro/manifest.json (large — do not fetch it just to run a query). Discover tables and columns
live with DuckDB instead. Which name a table answers to depends on which catalog you
attached — both routes, in full:

```sql
-- Route 1: the unified catalog (see `/llms.txt`). Every dataset is a schema inside it.
SELECT table_name FROM information_schema.tables
WHERE table_schema = 'geo_spatial_ro' AND table_name ILIKE '%<word>%';

DESCRIBE datadirectory.geo_spatial_ro.<table>;

SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_schema = 'geo_spatial_ro';
```

```sql
-- Route 2: this dataset's own catalog. Its tables live in schema `main` of the alias
-- you attach it under — there is no `datadirectory` schema on this route.
ATTACH 'ducklake:https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/geo-spatial-ro/catalog.ducklake' AS geo_spatial_ro (READ_ONLY);
DESCRIBE geo_spatial_ro.main.<table>;

SELECT table_name, column_name, data_type
FROM information_schema.columns
WHERE table_catalog = 'geo_spatial_ro' AND table_schema = 'main';
```


## Other ways in

### Parquet exports — no catalog needed
Every table has immutable, physically sorted exports; their URLs are `tables[].files[].url`
in `manifest.json` (https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/public/geo-spatial-ro/manifest.json). That file is large, and the DuckLake catalog above
reads exactly the same data with one ATTACH, no manifest download and no file list.

### Time travel — this dataset’s own catalog
Each ingest is a DuckLake snapshot. The unified catalog carries the current one only; this
dataset’s own catalog carries them all, and works in duckdb-wasm too:

```sql
ATTACH 'ducklake:https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/geo-spatial-ro/catalog.ducklake' AS geo_spatial_ro (READ_ONLY);
SELECT * FROM geo_spatial_ro.main.analfabestism_etnie_peste14_ani AT (VERSION => 57) LIMIT 5;
```

- This ingest is snapshot 57.
- This exact version: https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/catalog/geo-spatial-ro/v/01M5RGKRJXMZK2MDJBEPSPBKMB/catalog.ducklake (sha256 15e02219e744b1f0aa82cf9133c918088c2d652d54b94b1b70e1a942f716df70)

### Files and metadata
- Manifest — the contract: file URLs, row counts, column types and statistics: https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/public/geo-spatial-ro/manifest.json
- Every dataset: https://date-deschise-s3.bunnytech.app/public/index.json
- Human page: https://date-deschise.bunnytech.app/datasets/geo-spatial-ro

## Licence and attribution

- Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (`CC-BY-4.0`)
- Licence text: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Required attribution: Date: geo-spatial.org, CC BY 4.0
- Notes: The catalogue records themselves declare this licence: every published record in the geo-spatial.org GeoNetwork carries licenseObject = "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)", and catalog_records.licence republishes that value verbatim per record so a reuser can check it dataset by dataset rather than trusting this line. The website's own prose is CC BY-SA 4.0, which is why no page text is republished here — site_pages carries a page's title, meta description and URL, not its body. Several layers are DERIVED FROM UPSTREAM PUBLIC BODIES, each of which carries its own terms and should be credited alongside geo-spatial.org: the administrative-boundaries layers are processed from public data of the Agenția Națională de Cadastru și Publicitate Imobiliară (ANCPI); the recensamant layers are the results of the 2021 Recensământul Populației și Locuințelor published by the Institutul Național de Statistică (INS), some of it harmonised with Eurostat census definitions; the cfro layers derive from the land-parcel identification programme operated by APIA. This connector republishes vector ATTRIBUTES AND GEOMETRY only — it does not copy the publisher's raster tiles, GeoTIFFs, images, PDFs, KML/KMZ presentation files or the contents of its archives, all of which stay as catalogued references in download_files with the reason recorded in each row. robots.txt at services.geo-spatial.org carries comments only: no Disallow, and no content signal.

Reproduce the attribution line verbatim anywhere you republish this data, and do not imply
endorsement.

## Pitfalls

- `ILIKE '%needle%'` cannot prune: it decompresses that whole column. Prefer prefix predicates
  on the lowercased search companion columns where they exist.
- Do not read DuckLake data files with a plain Parquet reader. They come with
  positional delete files, and ignoring those silently returns deleted rows. Use the catalog
  or the exports above.
- Files under `/v/<ingestId>/` are immutable; a new ingest writes a new path. Re-read the
  manifest to pick up updates rather than polling file URLs.
- Do not scrape https://date-deschise.bunnytech.app HTML, and do not hit https://geo-spatial.org in bulk — this mirror
  exists so you do not have to.